Eczema: A Chronic Inflammatory Condition With Immune-Mediated Consequences
Eczema is often mistaken as just a temporary skin rash. However, dermatologists and pediatricians stress that eczema is actually a chronic inflammatory condition with immune-mediated, psychological, and social consequences. It affects not only the skin but also the overall well-being and quality of life of patients and their families.
Globally, infection rates are on the rise, with approximately 20% of children and 10% of adults suffering from eczema in varying degrees. In the Gulf region, including the UAE, cases have been increasing significantly due to harsh environmental and climatic factors.
What is Eczema?
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a non-contagious, chronic skin disease that causes inflammation, itching, redness, and dryness. It often appears in early childhood and can persist into adulthood. While not life-threatening, it has a profound impact on sleep, school or work performance, and social life.
Types and Symptoms of Eczema
Eczema manifests differently depending on its type and severity.
Common symptoms include:
- Persistent itching, often worse at night
- Red or inflamed patches on the skin
- Dryness and cracking of the skin
- Oozing or crusting in severe cases
- Thickened, scaly skin with chronic scratching
Types of eczema include:
- Atopic dermatitis – most common, often linked to genetics and allergies.
- Contact dermatitis – triggered by irritants such as detergents, soaps, or fabrics.
- Dyshidrotic eczema – small blisters on hands and feet.
- Seborrheic dermatitis – affects oily areas such as the scalp and face.
- Nummular eczema – circular patches of irritated skin.
Eczema in Children
Dr. Sarah Rizk, Pediatrician at Fakeeh Medicentres, highlights that eczema is one of the most common skin diseases among children, affecting nearly 20% of children worldwide.
She explains that:
- The condition is not contagious, but it significantly affects the child’s sleep, school performance, and daily comfort.
- Eczema often worsens at night due to intense itching and dryness, leading to sleep disturbances and difficulty concentrating in school.
- Causes are linked to a complex interaction of genetic factors, environmental triggers, and food allergies.
Dr. Rizk emphasizes that treatment requires a holistic approach, not just medication. Effective management includes:
- Daily moisturizing with gentle, fragrance-free products
- Avoiding triggers such as dust, detergents, and synthetic fabrics
- Using safe doses of topical cortisone or immunosuppressants when needed
- Considering phototherapy or biologic therapy for advanced cases
- School involvement in the treatment plan to support the child socially and emotionally
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Promising Therapeutic Prospects
Recent research is opening new doors for eczema treatment:
- Restoring skin microbiome balance to improve natural defenses
- Stem cell therapy to repair damaged skin barriers
- Personalized medicine based on genetic analysis, allowing tailored treatment for each patient
Despite these advancements, experts caution that eczema remains a long-term condition that requires consistent management and ongoing care.
Living With Eczema: More Than a Skin Condition
Eczema is not just about physical symptoms—it is a daily battle involving itching, insomnia, psychological stress, and social challenges. Experts stress the importance of:
- Early diagnosis and intervention
- Psychological and social support for both children and adults
- Commitment to treatment routines to reduce flare-ups and complications
By raising awareness and encouraging early treatment, we can help patients manage eczema effectively and improve their quality of life.