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A sore throat is a common yet uncomfortable condition that causes pain, scratchiness, or irritation of the throat. It can make eating, drinking, and even speaking difficult. While many sore throats resolve on their own, others, especially those accompanied by severe symptoms, may require medical attention.
At Fakeeh University Hospital, our expert ENT specialists are here to help diagnose the cause and provide relief through comprehensive care and personalized treatment plans.
Common Symptoms of a Sore Throat
Recognizing the signs of a sore throat can help you seek timely care. Key symptoms include:
Pain or scratchiness in the throat
Dryness and difficulty speaking
Hoarseness
Swollen glands in the neck or jaw
Red or inflamed tonsils
White patches or pus on the tonsils
If your sore throat is part of an upper respiratory infection, additional symptoms may include:
Cough and nasal congestion
Fever
Sneezing
Body aches
Headaches
Nausea or vomiting
Types of Sore Throat
There are three main types of sore throat, depending on the affected area:
Pharyngitis – Inflammation of the pharynx (back of the throat)
Tonsillitis – Swelling and redness of the tonsils
Laryngitis – Involvement of the voice box (larynx), often causing hoarseness and cough
Causes of a Sore Throat
1. Viral Infections
The most frequent cause of sore throat. Common viruses include:
The common cold
Influenza (flu)
Epstein-Barr virus (mononucleosis)
2. Bacterial Infections
Most commonly streptococcus bacteria, which causes “strep throat.” Symptoms often include:
Fever above 38°C (101°F)
White patches on the throat
Swollen, tender neck glands
Untreated strep throat can lead to complications such as rheumatic fever or kidney inflammation.
3. Other Causes
Environmental irritants: Dry air, pollution, or chemicals
Allergies: Especially to dust, mold, or pet dander
GERD: Acid reflux can irritate the throat
Less common but serious causes:
HIV infection
Throat or larynx tumors
Epiglottitis – A rare condition that may block the airway
Who is at Risk?
You may be more prone to frequent sore throats if you:
Have a weakened immune system
Suffer from allergies or sinus infections
Are a child aged 5–15
Are exposed to irritants (e.g., smoke, chemicals)
Live in crowded conditions like schools or dormitories
When to See a Doctor
Most sore throats improve in 5–10 days. However, contact Fakeeh University Hospital if you experience:
A fever above 38°C (101°F)
Severe or persistent throat pain
Difficulty swallowing or breathing
Swelling in the face or neck
Blood in saliva or mucus
Hoarseness lasting over two weeks
A lump in the neck or ear pain
Rash
Diagnosis of a Sore Throat
Throat Swab Test: If your doctor suspects a bacterial infection, a throat swab may be performed to check for strep throat. Results are typically available in minutes (rapid test) or within 48 hours (culture test).
Blood Test: If mononucleosis is suspected, a blood test for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) may be recommended.
Treatment Options
Bacterial Infections: Antibiotics are prescribed to treat infections such as strep throat and prevent complications.
Viral Infections: These usually resolve without medical treatment. Supportive care and over-the-counter medications can help alleviate symptoms.
In rare cases like epiglottitis or tumors, hospitalization or specialized treatment may be required.
Note: Always consult your physician before using herbal remedies, especially if pregnant, under 18, or managing chronic conditions.
Risk Factors and Complications
Risk Factors:
Smoking or exposure to smoke
Seasonal allergies
Chronic sinusitis
Stress and fatigue
HIV, diabetes, steroid or chemotherapy use
Potential Complications:
If untreated, severe sore throats can lead to:
Sinusitis
Epiglottitis
Mastoiditis (bone infection behind the ear)
Rheumatic fever
Glomerulonephritis (kidney inflammation)
Otitis media (ear infection)
Pneumonia
Meningitis
Prevention Tips
You can reduce your risk of sore throat by:
Washing your hands regularly
Avoiding close contact with sick individuals
Using alcohol-based sanitizers
Not sharing utensils or drinks
Cleaning commonly touched surfaces
Coughing/sneezing into tissues or your elbow
Avoiding smoke and allergens
Get Relief with Expert ENT Care at FUH
A sore throat shouldn’t disrupt your daily life. At Fakeeh University Hospital, our ENT specialists offer prompt evaluations, accurate diagnoses, and evidence-based treatment tailored to your needs.
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