Influenza (FLU) - Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

What is Influenza?

Influenza (commonly known as the flu) is a contagious viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system. It often peaks during the winter season and can range from mild fatigue to severe illness with fever, chills, and body aches. While influenza and the common cold share similar symptoms, flu symptoms tend to be more intense and longer-lasting.

At Fakeeh University Hospital, we are committed to helping you recognize, manage, and prevent influenza, especially during seasonal peaks and ongoing public health concerns like COVID-19.

Types of Influenza Viruses

Influenza viruses are classified into three main types that affect humans:

• Influenza Type A: The most common and severe form, Type A flu can spread from animals to humans and has been responsible for past pandemics.
• Influenza Type B: Also contagious and potentially severe, Type B flu spreads only between humans and typically causes seasonal outbreaks.
• Influenza Type C: A milder version of the virus, Type C flu leads to less severe symptoms and rarely causes complications.

How Influenza Spreads

Influenza is spread through droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. The virus can survive on surfaces for several hours, making it easy to contract by touching contaminated objects and then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth.

Common ways of transmission include:

• Person-to-person contact
• Airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing
• Contaminated surfaces such as doorknobs, phones, or countertops

Signs and Symptoms of Influenza

Flu symptoms often appear suddenly and are more intense than those of the common cold. One key indicator is the presence of a high fever and extreme fatigue.

• Common flu symptoms include:
• High fever (100–104°F / 37.8–40°C)
• Dry, persistent cough
• Muscle aches (especially in the back, arms, and legs)
• Headaches and light sensitivity
• Intense fatigue and weakness
• Chills, sweats, and body discomfort

Flu symptoms typically last about 5 to 7 days, although fatigue may linger longer.

Cold vs. Flu: What’s the Difference?

Although both are respiratory illnesses, the flu and the common cold are caused by different viruses and vary in severity.

Risk Factors for Influenza

Some individuals are more vulnerable to flu-related complications:

• Children under 5 years and adults over 65
• Pregnant women (especially in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters)
• People with chronic conditions (diabetes, heart disease, lung disease)
• Individuals with weakened immune systems
• Residents of long-term care facilities
• Those with high BMI (≥40)
• Healthcare or frontline workers

Complications of Influenza

If untreated or in high-risk individuals, influenza can lead to serious health complications such as:

• Pneumonia
• Sinus or ear infections
• Sepsis
• Bronchitis
• Asthma exacerbations
• Heart inflammation
• Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Diagnosing Influenza

Mild flu can often be managed at home. However, if symptoms are severe or persistent, visit Fakeeh University Hospital for diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosis involves:

• Clinical symptom review
• Rapid Influenza Diagnostic Test (RIDT) – results in 10–15 minutes
• Rapid molecular assays – more accurate, detect viral genetic material
• Nasal or throat swabs for lab analysis

Treating Influenza

At-Home Treatment:

• Get plenty of rest
• Stay hydrated
• Use over-the-counter (OTC) medications like:
• Pain relievers (for fever and muscle aches)
• Decongestants
• Cough suppressants
• Expectorants

When to See a Doctor:

• Persistent high fever
• Difficulty breathing
• Chest pain
• Severe fatigue or dizziness
• Worsening of chronic conditions

Our healthcare team is ready to guide you through recovery and provide flu medications when necessary, particularly during the early stages of illness.

Home Remedies for Flu Relief

In addition to medical care, the following home remedies can help alleviate flu symptoms:

• Warm soups – Provide hydration and ease inflammation
• Ginger and honey – Soothe sore throats and reduce nausea
• Garlic – Contains allicin, a natural antimicrobial
• Vitamin C – Boosts immune function (found in citrus fruits, spinach)
• Echinacea – Herbal remedy known to reduce symptoms
• Saltwater gargles – Ease throat discomfort
• Vapor rub – Helps reduce congestion in children and adults
• Humidifiers – Add moisture to dry air, easing breathing

Influenza Prevention

The most effective way to protect yourself and your loved ones is through annual flu vaccination, especially important for high-risk groups and during concurrent public health threats like COVID-19.

Preventive Tips:

• Get the flu vaccine yearly
• Wash hands frequently with soap or sanitizer
• Avoid touching your face
• Disinfect commonly touched surfaces
• Wear a mask if symptomatic or in crowded places
• Stay home if you’re unwell

Protect Yourself and Others – Get Vaccinated at FUH

At Fakeeh University Hospital, we offer flu vaccinations and comprehensive care for seasonal illnesses. Whether you're experiencing flu symptoms or seeking prevention, our experienced doctors and nurses are here to support your health every step of the way.

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