Medical advances in targeted and immunotherapies have expanded the opportunities to control breast cancer by targeting the biological characteristics of tumors, developing treatment plans that suit the nature of each case, and reducing unnecessary interventions, while the five-year relative survival rate exceeds 99% when the disease is detected while it is still confined to the breast, according to data from the American Cancer Society.
These developments reflect a shift in treatment methods, from relying solely on traditional options to using drugs that target specific characteristics of cancer cells, thus improving the chances of controlling the disease and providing additional options for some advanced cases, with the response varying according to the type and stage of the tumor and the patient's health condition.
Modern treatment plans rely on analyzing the biological characteristics of tumors, including estrogen and progesterone receptors and the HER2 protein, along with assessing the size and extent of the tumor, and using additional genetic or molecular tests when their results contribute to determining the most appropriate treatment.
Hormonal and targeted therapies provide additional options for hormone-sensitive tumors, including CDK4/6 inhibitors, which disrupt signals associated with cell division and can be used in selected cases of high-risk early-stage tumors and advanced disease, according to medical assessment.
HER2-positive tumors have benefited from drugs that target this protein, while antibody-associated drugs have expanded the options available for some advanced cases, including tumors with low HER2 expression, with the need to monitor side effects, and these treatments should not be considered suitable for all patients.
Immunotherapy has become part of the available options for some cases of triple-negative breast cancer, which lacks hormone receptors and is not positive for the HER2 protein. It helps the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells, and may be used with chemotherapy according to specific criteria.
Specialized tests have also made it possible to estimate the expected benefit of chemotherapy in some early hormone-sensitive tumors, helping to avoid its use when medical evidence allows, while continuing its essential role in cases where it is needed.
Early detection remains a key factor in improving treatment chances, as mammography can detect changes before noticeable symptoms appear, with the need to determine the appropriate tests according to age, risk factors, and health and family history.
Not all cases require complete mastectomy, as breast-conserving surgery offers a suitable option for some patients, and is often followed by radiation therapy, depending on the characteristics of the tumor and the extent of its spread.
Dr. Rasha El-Qaffas, Section Head – Breast Imaging & Specialist Breast Radiology at Fakeeh University Hospital, stressed the importance of clear dialogue between the patient and the medical team, and understanding the treatment options and their side effects, noting that integrated care includes psychological support, rehabilitation and continuous follow-up, which helps to improve quality of life and restore daily activities, with the need to interpret survival statistics according to the individual case of each patient.
